CHAKRAS ARE PSYCHIC CENTERS in the body that are active at all times, whether we are conscious of them or not. Energy moves through the chakras to produce different psychic states. Modem biological science explains this as the chemical changes produced by the endocrine glands, ductless glands whose secretions mix into the body's bloodstream directly and instantaneously. Ancient philosophers of the East related those changes with the five basic tattvas,or elements - earth, water, fire, air, and akasha (ether). These elements are constantly coming and going with the circadian rhythms inside the body. The ancient Indian science of yoga therefore laid great emphasis on knowing these elements and on working accordingly, for the chakras are understood as the playground of the elements. In the ancient science of Svara Yoga (the yoga of sound), various methods to identify the presence of the tattva in the body are prescribed, and by mastering these techniques yogis can program themselves so as to accomplish much by using the least possible amount of energy. By the constant practice of kshata chakra bhedana (visualization) and mantrajapa (mantra recitation), they can finally transcend the tattvas, which dominate the five basic centers of the body that is, the first five chakras - and thereby achieve the nondual consciousness that liberates them from the illusory world of maya.
Knowledge about the chakras can be a valuable key to introspection. It is possible to observe oneself and see energy moving through the various psychic centers. Religious practices such as fasting, charity, and selfless service cause the energy to flow into the higher centers; the dormant energy coiled in Muladhara ("root, base") Chakra becomes active - and begins its ascent. After the flow has reached the higher centers, the total attitude of the practitioner changes; this feeling is referred to repeatedly as a new birth. Maintaining the upward flow of energy then becomes the primary concern of such a person. The constant, simultaneous practice of visualization and mantra japa helps the aspirant to maintain the flow of energy in higher centers and thus get beyond the tattvas.
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